Complex systems - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Evolution is a good example. The basic concept is that complex systems cannot be effectively controlled from the top down, and the most effective management is to allow things to evolve from the bottom up.
So taken in a political context, the ultimate top down system is a 1984 style state where the government try to control every facet of peoples lives. The ultimate bottom up system is a form of anarchy.
In most complex systems though basic rules exist that provide a degree of structure to the system. So in the evolutionary system there are the rules of nature, but within those rules individual creatures are free to act as they please (assuming no god exists that's controlling things of course). No government exists for the natural world and it's evolved into the most amazing thing imaginable.
It works because it has that feedback. Survival of the fittest. Obviously whenever such a phrase is mentioned people jump towards social darwinism, of letting the poor and the weak rot, but I don't think mankind is like that, we appear to have a natural compassion for others, providing those others are generally known to us. The banking system won't improve because it hasn't had that feedback, the bad banks are being kept alive when they should have gone bankrupt, and their actions should have been ridded from the system. So the mistakes will be taken on to the next generation and those mistakes replicated again.
Government is little better because we've had the same parties now for centuries by and large. By contrast if you compare the FTSE 100 now to 25 years ago and the turnover will have been immense, and with that turnover comes fresh ideas, fresh impetus.
In many ways you're right in that what is good for society is good for the individual, but the problem with that notion is that I suspect you mean that the societal good is determined by a government. It's a simple logic that the brains of the few simply cannot outdo the brains of the many. The notion of crowdsourcing has become popular of late and it runs along similar lines. 100 people, each trying different ways of achieving a goal will always beat 1 individual trying to achieve the same goal, regardless of how smart the 1 individual is.
It's this basic principle that makes markets more effective than nationalised companies because in a competitive market you're not putting all your eggs into one basket.