The problem is that, like most American sports, training at the U12 levels and up is mostly accomplished in pay-for-play "travel team" programs. Yes, high schools (for 14-18 year olds) have sports programs and some of the coaches can be good, but players (girls or boys) with serious ambitions in basketball, soccer*, baseball/softball, ice hockey, and even things like tennis, gymnastics etc. participate in programs with paid full time coaches, equipment etc. traveling to surrounding towns and often to out of state tournaments. This is all very expensive and it rewards well-off kids whose parents can afford it.
The emphasis, unfortunately, is on getting their kids scholarships to universities where they can get free tuition and room & board in exchange for playing on the school's sports teams. That's what parents and kids want. It's hard to explain sometimes to Brits and other non-Yanks how obsessed Americans are with getting their kids into a good college, and how pervasive college sports are in USA, especially college football - of the 20 largest stadiums in the world, 13 are for American college football programs, which have 100,000+ capacity stadiums to host six or maybe seven games a year. Football and men's basketball attract the biggest crowds and TV audiences, but a good-sized American college or university will have all of their mens' and womens' soccer programs full of players on scholarships and parents spending several times more on training their kids to earn a spot than it would cost to just pay for the schooling outright. As a sign of how deranged American culture is over this, several American tv stars, whose kids will never have to work a day in their lives if they dropped out of school at 16, got jailed for bribing fancy colleges to admit their kids on fake sports scholarships:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-53871023
So in these youth soccer* programs, things like nous, tactical knowledge, technique are not well taught, it's mostly physical strength and endurance. Nothing wrong with that per se, but it's common for American youth teams to be made up of good athletes who can cover the pitch better than opponents and dominate with their physical skill, but would chase shadows in a game of five-a-side on a small pitch with players who learned the game in stronger footballing cultures. The idea that you would take promising youngsters and put them into an English academy-type setting, to learn the game from the ground up but not necessarily prepare for college, would fill most American parents with horror. There is some gradual change - for example, USA international Tyler Adams grew up near NYC, came up through the New York Red Bulls academy, played for Red Bulls II at 16 and then for the MLS side at 17, and now plays for RB Leipzig.
The country is big enough that we're now starting to put together a good international side with only a small % of our player pool coming good, but I don't see USA really challenging to push beyond the ceiling of CONCACAF sides generally until the structure changes. Right now the incentive is to get youth coaches paid by parents willing to throw money at them even (especially?) for bad players, and good players from poor backgrounds don't get chances. Now that MLS has come to accept that it's a good thing to be a selling league, and the light bulb goes on that they can make a lot more money selling tactically skilled young players to Bundesliga and PL sides, and players like Pulisic, McKennie, etc succeed and educate the American public that winning the CL for Chelsea is a BFD, I expect the culture to change but it will take time.
*using 'soccer' to distinguish from American football for purposes of this post.